焊剂片约束电弧焊三明治板T形接头的组织与性能

Microstructure and properties of sandwich panels T-joints in flux bands constricting arc welding

  • 摘要: 针对三明治板激光焊接T形接头过程中的芯板与面板连接宽度不足的问题,使用一种焊剂片约束电弧焊的新工艺,对960 MPa低合金高强钢三明治板T形接头进行焊接。利用高速摄像技术研究了电弧燃烧形态和熔滴的变化过程,并通过焊接接头显微组织分析、硬度测试、微区拉伸试验和T形接头轴向拉伸试验,研究了T形接头的组织与力学性能。结果表明,在焊接过程中,焊剂片可压缩和稳定电弧,提高焊接热效率,促进熔滴过渡,可获得焊缝与芯板熔合良好的T形接头。焊接接头热影响区粗晶粒区微观组织为粗大的板条马氏体和块状铁素体,热影响区细晶粒区为细小的板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体,焊缝组织主要为沿原奥氏体晶界分布的针状和块状铁素体。T形接头硬度分布不均匀,平均硬度的大小分布为热影响区>母材区>焊缝区。在接头微区拉伸试验中,焊缝区是接头力学性能最薄弱的区域。T形接头拉伸试验时,裂纹首先在熔合线处产生并向焊缝区扩展,最后在焊缝区断裂,断口呈韧性断裂特征。

     

    Abstract: 960 MPa high-strength steel sandwich plates were welded by a new method of flux bands constricting arc welding in order to solve the problem of poor fusion of core plate and panel T-joint in laser welding of sandwich plate. The forming of arc combustion and the change process of metal droplet transfer were studied with high speed camera technology. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the T-joints were studied through microstructure analysis,hardness test,micro-zone tensile test and T-joint axial tensile test. The results show that the welding flux can compress and stabilize the arc to improve the welding heat efficiency and promote the transition of the droplet in the process of welding,and that T-joint with good fusion of weld and core plate can be obtained. Microstructure of the coarse-grained zone in heat-affected zone of the welded joints is coarse lath martensite and blocky ferrite,and the fine-grained zone in heat-affected zone of the welded joints is fine lath martensite and granular bainite. The microstructure of the weld is mainly acicular and blocky ferrite distributed along the grain boundary of the prior austenite. Hardness distribution of the welded joint is uneven,the average hardness distribution is heat-affected zone > base metal zone >weld zone. In the micro-zone tensile test of the welded joint,weld zone is the weakest area of the joint for mechanical properties. In the T-joint tensile test,cracks first produced at fusion line and then extended to weld zone,finally,the joint fractured in weld zone,and the fracture shows ductile fracture characteristics.

     

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