钛合金与铝合金异种金属焊接的研究现状

Researching status of dissimilar metal welding of titanium and aluminum

  • 摘要: 对钛/铝异种金属焊接过程中脆性Ti-Al金属间化合物的控制方法进行了综述,介绍了熔化焊(激光焊、电子束焊)、钎焊、熔钎焊、扩散焊、搅拌摩擦焊及爆炸焊的研究现状,并对存在的问题与发展趋势进行了讨论。结果表明,钛/铝焊缝中极易形成脆性的Ti-Al金属间化合物,导致钛/铝接头强度的降低。在激光焊、电子束焊过程中,通过热源偏移的方式可以降低Ti-Al金属间化合物含量;采用合理的中间层,既能降低Ti-Al金属间化合物的含量又能形成塑性更好的金属间化合物。采用熔钎焊工艺并选用合适的填充材料,可以有效地抑制Ti-Al金属间化合物的生成。采用扩散焊工艺、通过添加中间层、在钛表面渗铝及合理控制工艺参数,能有效减少Ti-Al脆性金属间化合物的生成,但接头的抗拉强度不高。采用搅拌摩擦焊并通过添加中间层抑制钛/铝接头中Ti-Al脆性金属间化合物的形成,获得性能良好的钛/铝接头,但会受到焊件的形状的影响。采用爆炸焊工艺,可以细化界面中的金属颗粒,提高钛/铝接头的强度。

     

    Abstract: Control methods of brittle Ti-Al intermetallic compounds in welding process of titanium/aluminum dissimilar metals were reviewed.Research status of fusion welding(laser welding,electron beam welding),brazing,welding-brazing,diffusion welding,friction stir welding and explosion welding were introduced,and the existing problems and development trend were discussed. The results showed that brittle Ti-Al intermetallic compounds were easily formed in titanium/aluminum welded joints,which resulted in a decrease in the strength of titanium/aluminum joint. In the process of laser welding and electron beam welding,the content of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds could be reduced by means of heat source migration. By adopting welding-brazing process and reasonable interlayer,not only the content of Ti-Al intermetallics was reduced,but also intermetallics with better plasticity were formed. The formation of brittle Ti-Al intermetallic compounds could be effectively reduced by diffusion welding process,adding intermediate layer,aluminizing on titanium surface and reasonable control of technological parameters,but tensile strength of the joint was not high. The titanium/aluminum joints with good performance were obtained by adding interlayer in friction stir welding to suppress the formation of brittle Ti-Al intermetallic compounds in titanium/aluminum joints,but which was affected by the shape of weldment.Metal particles in the interface were refined to improve strength of titanium/aluminum joint by explosive welding technology.

     

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