Abstract: In order to improve the surface wear resistance of Reactor Coolant Pump sleeve,the rolling machining was conducted on the surface of stainless steel,its wear resistance was studied.The grain size in the hardened layer were characterized with the EBSD system.Surface roughness,microhardness as well as the friction and wear properties of stainless steel were tested with white-light interferometer,microhardness tester and friction and wear tester.The results showed that Arithmetic mean of contour（Ra） of rolling layer is 63.7 nm,which is about 1/4 to 1/5 as that of substrate; The grain size of rolling layer is refined and the proportion of small grain size is increased; The surface microhardness of rolling layer is 550 HV,which is 2.2 times higher than that of substrate; The friction coefficient of rolled layer decreased.The changes of the above parameters improve the wear resistance of the shaft sleeve surface.