Abstract: For the electronic beam welded joint of aviation high strength steel,law of formation,law of microstructure transformation,evaluation of mechanical properties,microstructure and performance control were discussed in detail in this paper. It was pointed out that the gas and liquid movement trajectory in the spoon hole of the aviation high-strength steel electron beam welded joint was complicated,and the material was sensitive to cracks,which easily resulted in porosity and cracking. Due to the different welding thermal cycles in joints,there were great differences in the microstructure of joints,which resulted in uneven mechanical properties. The focus of the research was to prevent the occurrence of cracks,solve the softening of the heat-affected zone and improve the fatigue performance of the joint. Finally,the key research directions of the electron beam welding technology for aviation high-strength steel materials were prospected.