Abstract: The design of control system of the five axis groove cutting robot based on machine vision was mainly for the design of control scheme of the machine body of the five axis groove cutting robot. It was guaranteed that the robot could complete the whole process from the image acquisition of processing parts to the generation of machining path and to the completion of groove cutting in the working space. The upper computer of the whole control system was based on MFC module and OpenCV visual library, and the lower computer took PLC control unit as the core. The specific solutions were proposed from the aspects of image acquisition and processing, communication, trajectory calculation and motion control, design of PLC control unit and selection of circuit driving components. The feasibility of the experimental design was verified by building an experimental platform. The control system was strictly designed, which could realize the required five axis groove cutting operation.