基于Cu和WS2改性的镍基涂层制备及摩擦性能

Preparation and friction property of nickel-based coatings based on modification by Cu and WS2

  • 摘要: 为提升装载机铲斗的耐磨性,在30CrMnSi锰钢表面使用激光熔覆技术分别制备NiCr/TiC,NiCr/TiC-Cu和NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2 3种复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织及物相进行了分析。采用摩擦磨损试验及显微硬度测试对涂层的耐磨性能及硬度进行了综合评估。NiCr/TiC涂层中没有发现明显的裂纹及气孔,涂层组织结构足够致密,主要由γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体、硬质相TiC及单质Cr组成,涂层的硬度相较于基体提升了大约2.5倍,涂层与对偶件磨损形成了大量犁沟,磨损机制以磨粒磨损及疲劳磨损为主。由于加入了软金属Cu使得NiCr/TiC-Cu复合涂层的显微硬度下降,涂层的摩擦系数和磨损量均有所降低,仅有少量的犁沟存在于磨损表面,磨损机制主要为黏着磨损。NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2涂层除了含有γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体、硬质增强TiC和润滑相Cu以外还存在TiWC2复合碳化物和少量的CrxSy润滑相,仅有很微弱的犁沟存在于涂层磨损表面,黏着磨损和微犁磨损为其磨损机制。激光熔覆制备镍基复合涂层中TiC的存在显著提高了涂层的硬度,单一金属Cu的加入使得涂层的润滑性能有所改善,CrxSy,Cu和TiWC2的协同润滑作用使得涂层的减摩抗磨性能进一步提高。所制备的3种复合涂层中,NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2涂层具有最佳的减摩抗磨性能。

     

    Abstract: Three kinds of NiCr/TiC, NiCr/TiC-Cu and NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2 composite coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of 30 CrMnSi manganese steel by laser cladding in order to improve wear resistance of the loader bucket. The microstructure and phase composition of the corresponding cladding layer were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The wear resistance and hardness of the coatings were comprehensively evaluated by friction and wear test and microhardness test. The NiCr/TiC coating had a dense structure without any obvious pores and cracks. The major components of this coating were γ-(Ni,Fe) solid solution, hard TiC and elemental Cr, and the hardness of the coating was about 2. 5 times higher than that of the substrate. A large number of furrows were formed on the coating by wearing with the dual part, and the main wear mechanism was abrasive wear and fatigue wear. Due to the addition of soft metal Cu, the microhardness of NiCr/TiC-Cu composite coating decreased, and the friction coefficient and wear volume of the coating also decreased. Only a few furrows existed on the worn surface, and the main wear mechanism was adhesive wear. The NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2 coating contained γ-(Ni,Fe) solid solution, hard TiC and Cu, and also contained composite carbide( TiWC2) and a little of lubricating phase(CrxSy). Only a very weak furrows existed on the worn surface of the coating, and wear mechanism was adhesive wear and micro-plough wear.In the nickel-based composite coating prepared by laser cladding, the hardness of the coating was significantly improved due to the existence ofTiC, and the lubrication performance of the coating was improved by the addition of Cu, and the lubrication performance of coatings was further improved by the synergistic effect of CrxSy, Cu and TiWC2. Among the three composite coatings, the NiCr/TiC-Cu-WS2 coating obtained optimum anti-friction performance.

     

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