Abstract: Trends of residual stress and strain, heat-affected zone width, crack susceptibility and weld microstructure of welded joints with local cooling were reviewed in the article. The influence of the four characteristic parameters of cooling medium, the distance between the cooling source and the center of the molten pool, the action width of the cooling source and the cooling termination temperature on the cooling effect of the cooling source was analyzed. It was hoped to provide a reference for the application of welding with local cooling technology in actual engineering.