热连轧高强钛合金厚壁管道的TIG工艺及组织和性能
TIG process, microstructure and properties of hot-rolled high-strength titanium alloy thick-walled pipe
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摘要: 针对采用新型的热连轧工艺生产的厚壁高强度无缝钛合金管，通过TIG自动送丝与手工填丝2种焊接方法进行了环缝对接焊工艺试验，对比分析了2种工艺下接头的焊缝成形、微观组织及力学性能。结果表明，2种焊接方法下的焊道表面均呈亮银色，无明显氧化现象，自动送丝接头表面成形更加平滑美观，而手工填丝接头表面成形有不规则的鱼鳞纹；热影响区中β相均发生了一定程度的粗化，并生成了一定量的细针状α’马氏体相。焊缝区组织主要为沿β相界生成的板条状和块状α相，以及晶粒内形成的少量针状α’马氏体组织；TIG自动送丝和手工填丝焊接接头的硬度都是热影响区最高，焊缝最软而母材居中；拉伸试验断裂位置均位于焊缝，平均抗拉强度分别为603.8 MPa和571.7 MPa；热影响区的冲击吸收能量分别达到了41.7 J和78.5 J，手工填丝下的热影响区表现出了比母材更好的冲击韧性。创新点： (1)研究了热连轧工艺下新型钛合金管道手工TIG/自动TIG工艺下的组织及力学性能，2种工艺均采用多层多道焊技术。(2)2种工艺采用纯钛焊丝进行填充时，接头抗拉强度均高于母材；焊缝及热影响区冲击韧性均高于母材；焊缝由于纯钛焊丝合金元素低，冷却下来焊缝位置形成的马氏体含量低。(3)手工TIG/自动TIG多层多道工艺下复杂的热过程起到了合适的热处理作用，热影响区形成了大量重叠交织的α组织，使得热影响区的冲击韧性大幅度提升，解决了该系钛合金常规焊接工艺下热影响区冲击韧性差的问题。Abstract: For the thick-walled high-strength seamless titanium alloy pipe produced by the new hot continuous rolling process, the circular weld butt welding process test was carried out by the two welding methods of TIG automatic wire feeding and manual wire filling, and the joints under the two processes were compared and analyzed from aspects of formation of weld, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results showed that the surface of the weld pass under the two welding methods appeared bright silver without obvious oxidation. The surface of the joint under automatic wire feeding was smoother and beautiful, while the surface of the joint under manual wire filling had irregular fish scales. The β phase in the heat-affected zone got coarsened to a certain extent, and a certain amount of fine needle-like α’ martensite phase formed. The microstructure of the weld zone was mainly lath and block α phases formed along the β phase boundary, as well as a small amount of acicular α’ martensite formed in the crystal grains. Hardness of the TIG joint under both automatic wire feeding and manual wire filling were the highest in the heat-affected zone, hardness of the weld was the lowest and hardness of the base material was in the middle. The tensile test fracture positions all located in the weld, and the average tensile strength was 603.8 MPa and 571.7 MPa respectively. The impact energy absorption of the heat-affected zone reached 41.7 J and 78.5 J respectively, and the heat-affected zone under manual wire filling showed better impact toughness than the base metal.Highlights: (1) Microstructure and mechanical properties of new titanium alloy pipe under hot rolling process were studied under manual TIG/automatic TIG process, both processes adopted multi-layer and multi-pass welding technology.(2) When pure titanium wire was used for filling in the two processes, tensile strength of the two joints was both higher than that of the parent metal, and impact toughness of weld and heat affected zone was higher than that of the parent metal. Due to the low alloying element of pure titanium welding wire, the content of martensite formed at the weld position was low after cooling.(3) The complex thermal process of manual TIG/automatic TIG multi-layer and multi-pass process played an appropriate role in heat treatment, and a large number of overlapping α microstructure formed in the heat affected zone, which greatly improved the impact toughness of the heat affected zone and solved the problem of low impact toughness of the heat affected zone under the conventional welding process of this titanium alloy.
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