Abstract: During oil and gas extraction operations, erosion of solid particles in high-pressure flow medium on structural parts leads to decline of comprehensive surface properties, which results in damage of substrate and seriously affects service life of key equipment. The material surface is the first to be damaged by erosion. Surface deposition coating treatment technology is an effective method to improve characteristics of bare and leaking parts in specific applications. Improving performance of surface coating is a common means of equipment erosion resistance, which is increasingly used in the oil and gas industry. According to physical characteristics of materials, erosion mechanisms from the classification of plastic materials and brittle materials were reviewed in the paper, research status and progress of preparing erosion resistant coatings by thermal spraying technology, laser cladding technology, electroplating technology and vapor deposition technology was summarized, and main instruments and equipment used in the process of preparing coatings were introduced. Methods of erosion resistant coatings prepared by a variety of process technologies and focus of future research were put forward. The future research direction in the field of erosion resistant coatings was prospected, which provided a reference for erosion resistance design of high-pressure petroleum equipment with multiphase flow media such as solid-liquid or gas-solid.Highlights: (1) Current situation of preparation of erosion resistant coatings was described based on study of erosion mechanism together with development of additive manufacturing technology.(2) Research direction of erosion mechanism of coatings rather than materials was put forward