Abstract: In view of surface defects of multi-pass welds of pipe panels, it was difficult to locate welds and calculation amount was too large. A laser vision detection method of surface defects in welds of tailor-welded tube panel was proposed. The weld detection system of tube panel based on laser vision was established, and image of tube panel was captured based on laser vision camera. Characteristics of tube panel were analyzed and welds were positioned by combining morphological operations, and high-dimensional polynomial fitting was used to solve the problem of rapid detection of weld defects, which realized rapid detection of surface defects of tailor-welded tube panels. The results showed that the detection method could identify a minimum defect with 1 mm2 and a detection speed was 0.438 m/s, which improved the detection efficiency of surface defects of tube panel welds, solved problems of difficult positioning of curved welds and a large amount of data, and realized rapid detection of a large number of weld profiles and met application requirements.Highlights: (1) A laser vision detection method of surface defects of welds of tube panel was proposed to improve detection efficiency of surface defects of welds of tube panel.(2) A weld defect detection method based on high-order surface was proposed to quickly detect a large number of weld profiles.(3) The laser visual inspection method of surface defects of welds of tube panel was verified by dataset, and efficiency and accuracy met application requirements.