基于改进连通域的铝合金薄板对接焊缝特征点识别

Identification of feature points of butt welds of aluminum alloy sheets based on improved connected domains

  • 摘要: 薄板自动化焊时产生的光反射、飞溅、粉尘等噪声使焊缝位置信息被遮挡,从而影响特征点的识别与提取。因此,提出了用连通区域的算法对焊缝的特征进行标记,并改进了连通区域算法用于提取焊缝特征点和获取其位置信息。在图像预处理之前,用感兴趣区域(Region of interest, ROI)方法对激光条纹进行图像分割,可滤除大量弧光、飞溅等噪声;在图像预处理的过程中,采用中值滤波和最大类间方差的二值化算法降低激光条纹附近的干扰噪声,将激光条纹与背景分离,使焊缝特征更清晰、明显;在图像预处理后,用连通区域的方法对激光条纹进行标记,通过改进的算法判断出连通区域的位置,从而识别焊缝特征点,获得焊缝特征点的位置信息。该算法不仅保留了焊缝激光条纹的边缘信息,还能在复杂的工作环境中完成焊缝特征的识别。通过对比薄板的实际间隙宽度和试验计算出的间隙宽度,该算法平均误差在0.067 mm以内,满足工业中的精度要求,适合激光视觉的焊缝跟踪过程。

     

    Abstract: Light reflection, spatter, dust and other noises generated during automatic welding of thin plates blocked position information of weld, thus affecting identification and extraction of feature points. Therefore, a connected region algorithm was proposed to mark features of weld, and connected region algorithm was improved to extract feature points of weld and obtain its position information. Before image preprocessing, region of interest (ROI) method was used to segment image of laser stripe, which could filter out a large amount of noise such as arc and spatter. In the process of image preprocessing, binarization algorithms of median filter and maximum between-cluster variance were used to reduce interference noise near laser stripe, and laser stripe was separated from background to make characteristics of weld clearer and more obvious. After image preprocessing, laser stripe was marked by connected region algorithm, and position of connected region was determined by the improved algorithm, so as to identify weld feature points and obtain position information of weld feature points. The algorithm not only preserved edge information of laser stripe of weld, but also completed identification of weld features in a complex working environment. By comparing sheets’ actual gap width and gap width calculated by experiment, average error of the algorithm was within 0.067 mm, which met precision requirements in the industry, and it was suitable for weld tracking process of laser vision.

     

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