不同钨极锥角下微TIG点焊电弧行为分析

Analysis of micro TIG spot welding arc behaviors under different tungsten tip cone angle

  • 摘要: 基于磁流体动力学理论,建立钨极半径为0.8 mm,尖端锥角分别为15°,30°,45°和60°的微TIG点焊电弧数值模型;使用Fluent软件UDF功能加载保护气体物性参数、动量方程和能量方程源项,探究钨极尖端锥角对微TIG点焊电弧温度场、流场、压力场和电势场的影响规律。结果表明,微TIG电弧呈钟罩形状,随着锥角由60°减至30°,钨极导电截面半径减小,导致电流密度增加,电弧温度增高;随着锥角继续减小,电弧上爬现象严重,钨极导电面积增大,平均电流密度减小,电弧温度随之下降。钨极锥角变化显著影响等离子体流力和电磁收缩力对电弧等离子体动量作用,进而影响电弧等离子体运动速度和阳极表面压力分布。数值模拟结果与微TIG点焊试验结果吻合良好,模拟结果对调控钨极锥角,改善电弧形貌及焊接质量具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: Based on the theory of Magneto-Hydrodynamic (MHD), the arc numerical models of micro TIG spot welding with tungsten electrode radius of 0.8 mm and tip cone angle of 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° were developed. The source terms of momentum equation and energy equation and the conductivity of argon gas were loaded by the User Defined Function (UDF) of Fluent software to investigate the influence of tungsten tip cone angle on the temperature, flow, pressure and potential fields of the micro TIG arc. The results shows that the micro TIG arc is bell-shaped, and as the taper angle decreases from 60° to 30°, the radius of the tungsten conductive section decreases, leading to an increase in current density and an increase in arc temperature. As the taper angle continues to decrease, the arc creeps upward, the tungsten conductive area increases, the average current density decreases, and the arc temperature decreases. The change of tungsten taper angle significantly affects the plasma flow force and electromagnetic contraction force on the arc plasma momentum, which in turn affects the arc plasma motion velocity and anode surface pressure distribution. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results of micro TIG spot welding, and the simulation results are of great significance in regulating the tungsten cone angle and improving the arc shape and welding quality.

     

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