Abstract: As an efficient and clean heat source, laser plays an important role in the surface modification of materials. Laser surface treatment can regulate surface structure and alloy composition of material, and improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties of material. Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. They are one of the main substitutes for human hard tissue and are widely used in the field of biomedical materials. However, titanium and titanium alloys do not have antibacterial properties, and are prone to bacterial infection during implantation, resulting in failure of implantation surgery. It is an urgent problem to be solved in titanium alloy orthopedic implantation surgery. In this paper, aiming at the problem of poor antibacterial properties of titanium alloys, laser surface treatment process is used. Research status of laser surface modification technologies such as laser surface alloying, laser surface texture and laser cladding to improve antibacterial properties of titanium alloys is reviewed. Antibacterial mechanism is clarified, and development trend is prospected, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the in-depth study and application of laser technology to improve antibacterial properties of titanium alloys.