基于表面织构化的异质材料连接研究现状及进展

Research status and progress of bonding heterogeneous materials based on surface texture

  • 摘要: 表面织构化技术在异质材料连接中的应用对于提高接头性能具有重要意义。该文旨在综述表面织构化调控异质材料连接主要相关工艺的基本概念及应用现状,探讨其对接头力学性能、润湿性及残余应力分布的影响,以及未来的研究方向。在胶接领域,表面织构化通过增大接触面积和粗糙度,增强了胶粘剂的润湿性、渗透性、粘附性和自由能,从而提升了接头的力学性能。激光处理、喷砂和化学腐蚀等表面处理技术已被证实可显著提高胶接接头的抗拉强度、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性。在激光焊接过程中,表面织构化不仅增强了材料间的实际接触面积,还改变了金属间化合物的分布,从而极大提升了焊接接头的机械连接作用和力学性能。此外,表面微织构化对焊接残余应力分布的调控,有助于阻碍裂纹扩展,增强接头强度。表面织构化技术在胶接和激光焊接中的应用已显示出提升异质材料连接性能的巨大潜力。未来的研究建议关注新表面织构化技术开发和现有工艺参数的优化调控,并探索其在更多连接方式中的应用。此外,深入理解表面织构化对接头微观结构和性能的影响机制,将为设计更高效、更可靠的连接工艺提供理论基础。

     

    Abstract: The application of surface texture technology in the connection of heterogeneous materials is of great significance to improve performance of welded joints. This paper aims to review basic concept and application status of main technologies of surface textured manipulation of heterogeneous materials bonding, and discuss their effects on mechanical properties, wetting and spreading ability and residual stress distribution of welded joints, as well as future research directions. In the field of adhesive bonding, surface texturization enhances wettability, permeability, adhesion and free energy of adhesive by increasing contact area and roughness, thus improving the mechanical properties of welded joints. Surface treatment techniques such as laser treatment, sandblasting and chemical corrosion have been shown to significantly improve tensile strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of adhesive bonded joints. In the process of laser welding, surface texturization not only enhances actual contact area between materials, but also changes distribution of intermetallic compounds, which greatly improves mechanical connection and mechanical properties of welded joints. In addition, control of residual stress distribution by surface microtexturing is helpful to prevent crack propagation and enhance strength of welded joints. The application of surface texturization technology in adhesive bonding and laser welding has shown great potential to improve bonding properties of heterogeneous materials. Future research should focus on developing new surface texturization techniques, optimizing existing process parameters, and exploring their application in more connection modes. In addition, an in-depth understanding of mechanism by which surface texturization affects microstructure and properties of welded joints will provide a theoretical basis for designing more efficient and reliable joint processes.

     

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