电机转子感应钎焊用高银钎料的组织与性能分析

Analysis of microstructure and properties of high silver brazing filler metal used for induction brazing of motor rotor

  • 摘要:
    目的 系统评价了AG102和AG103 2种钎料及其钎焊鼠笼式电机转子端环和导条接头的综合性能,旨在剖析采用AG102钎料时,钎焊接头开裂故障的机理,为钎料选择提供科学参考。
    方法 一方面对钎料本体的微观组织、润湿性及力学性能进行对比分析,另一方面采用加速试验的方式对电机转子端环和导条钎焊接头抗拉强度、冲击性能、疲劳性能开展研究。
    结果 AG102钎料本体Sn元素含量较高,成品态AG102除了α-Cu固溶体、α-Ag固溶体外,还包含有分布在深色铜固溶体中点状、长条状的ζAgSn脆性相,这是AG102较AG103强度低的主要原因。随着时效时间的延长,2种钎料钎缝区域均发现深灰色铜相中分布着点状AgSn、条状Cu5Zn8化合物,在浅灰色的Ag相中分布着条状的Cu5.6Sn化合物,其中AG102的钎缝中析出了更多的AgSn,Cu5.6Sn等脆性化合物,致使钎缝强度下降更为明显。AG102冲击性能和疲劳性能均弱于AG103,在断口分析中发现,脆性化合物的存在恶化了钎缝性能。
    结论 Sn元素含量低的AG103钎料可以提高钎缝可靠性,预防鼠笼式电机转子端环和导条钎焊接头开裂。

     

    Abstract: Objective The paper systematically evaluates AG102 and AG103 brazing filler metals and the comprehensive performance of their brazing of squirrel cage motor rotor end ring and guide bar joints. The aim is to analyze the mechanism of joint cracking failure when AG102 brazing filler metal are used, and to provide scientific references for the selection of brazing filler metals. Methods On the one hand, the microstructure, wettability and mechanical property of the brazing filler metals are compared and analyzed, and on the other hand, the tensile strength, impact property and fatigue property of the brazed joints of motor rotor end rings and guide bars are investigated by accelerated tests. Results Sn element content of AG102 brazing filler metal body is higher, the finished state AG102 in addition to α-Cu solid solution, α-Ag solid solution, but also contains distributed in the dark copper solid solution dotted and long striated of ζAgSn brittle phases, which is the main reason for the reduction of the strength of AG102 than AG103. With the prolongation of aging time, the brazing region of both brazing filler metals are found to be distributed in the dark grey copper phase with dotted AgSn and striated Cu5Zn8 compounds, and striated Cu5.6Sn compounds is distributed in the light grey Ag phase, in which more brittle compounds such as AgSn and Cu5.6Sn are precipitated in the brazing seam of AG102, resulting in a more obvious decrease in brazing strength of AG102. The impact property and fatigue property of AG102 are weaker than AG103. The presence of brittle compounds is found to deteriorate the brazing seam properties in the fracture analysis. Conclusion AG103 brazing filler metal with low Sn element content can increase the reliability of brazing seam and prevent the brazed ioints cracking of squirrel cage motor rotor end ring and guide bar.

     

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