Abstract: Objective This study investigates the influence of pre-weld preheating and post-weld thermal compensation techniques on temperature field and residual stress distribution in Ti₂AlNb electron beam welded joints. Methods A Gaussian surface heat source was employed to simulate electron beam scanning heat input. A composite heat source model, comprising a Gaussian surface heat source and a three-dimensional Gaussian conical heat source, was adopted to represent welding heat source. Finite element analysis was conducted to simulate welding process of Ti₂AlNb electron beam welded joints. Results The results demonstrate that combining post-weld thermal compensation with pre-weld preheating effectively reduces temperature gradient across the joints, thereby lowering cooling rate. Moreover, the post-weld thermal compensation significantly mitigates high residual stress concentrations on the surface of the joints and substantially decreases peak residual stress in the central region of the weld. However, since the post-weld scanning primarily affects the upper portion of the weld, its influence on residual stress in the lower region of the joints is relatively limited. Conclusion The integrated application of pre-weld preheating and post-weld thermal compensation proves to be an effective strategy for reducing both temperature gradients and residual stresses in Ti₂AlNb electron beam welded joints.