Abstract: Under the strategic background of accelerating high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, development of new quality productivity imposes new demands on cultivating outstanding engineering talents, with greater emphasis on practical ability, engineering literacy, and proficiency in intelligent technologies. This necessitates a systematic restructuring of the practical teaching system, and deepening its connection with technological frontiers, industrial needs, and intelligent development through university-industry collaboration, academic competitions, and micro-specialty programs. Taking the materials disciplines at Tianjin University as an example, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the current practical teaching system. It proposes an implementation path that combines industrial development trends with a domain-specific knowledge graph to achieve top-level design of practical teaching. A new practical teaching system is constructed, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge, cultivation of non-technical abilities, and digital-intelligent empowerment. Furthermore, an extended system is developed, which combines university-industry collaboration, competition-education integration, and micro-specialty programs into a trinity. The results show that students’ practical innovation ability and engineering literacy have been effectively improved. The exploration and practice of this teaching reform provides a referable path and solution for the practical teaching system reform in similar disciplines aimed at cultivating outstanding engineering talents.